Soal SBMPTN 2010 Bahasa Inggris
SOAL
SNMPTN TAHUN 2010
PAKET
SOAL BAHASA INGGRIS
Petunjuk A digunakan
untuk menjawab soal nomor 31 sampai dengan 45.
Text 1
The
first ancient DNA sequences to be gathered-34000 base pairs from a
2400-years-old-Egyptian mummy-were a proof of principle. A full genome
sequence would be more far more informative-perhaps explaining what killed King
Tut, for instance. At present, Inuk’s is the only published ancient human
genome. However, a team led by Svante Paabo and Green at the Max Planck
Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany will soon publish the
complete genome sequence combined together from several Neanderthals, from between
38,000 and 70,000 years ago.
Neanderthals
are not the only hominids whose genomes could be sequenced, says
Willerslev. Homo erectus, a species that emerged in Africa about 2 million years
ago, survived in East Asia until less than 100.000 years ago. If well preserved
bones from Spain belonging to Homo heidelbergensis, the predecessor to
Neanderthals. “We are basically starting on it right now,” he says. If theses
genomes ever materialize- and that’s a big if- they branched off. If the
genetic information is good enough, it may tell us something about the nature
of past people-possibly even what they looked like. Ancient human genomes could
give us insights into the evolution of our species, explaining when genes
involved in disease and higher cognitive skill emerged.
But
DNA is not forever. As it ages, its long strands shred into ever smaller
pieces. Eventually they become small to reassemble, and all information is
lost. “There seems to be a time horizon of 100.000 year so under most
preservation conditions during which intact DNA survives,” Green says. Stephan Schuster
at Pennsylvania State University, who led wooly mammpeth genome project, thinks
ancient genomics is already plateauing. Large chunks of Inuk’s genome.
31. With reference to the
whole text, the writer mainly deals with topic on .…
(A) DNA research on
the Neanderthals.
(B) The past life of
the Neanderthals.
(C) The use of
ancient DNA in anthropology.
(D) The role of DNA
fossil studies.
(E) DNA engineering in
the Max Planck Institute.
32. The writer is
mainly of the opinion that tracing, ancient humans’ life using their DNA .…
(A) Is technologically
possible though it has natural challenges.
(B) Promises a new
horizon of understanding past illness.
(C) Is a new
breakthrough in modern anthropological studies.
(D) Provides a
better picture of old peoples DNA structures.
(E) Requiring a longer
chain of complete DNA sequences.
33. The physical look
of hominid species can even be reconstructed using the DNA technology under the
condition that .…
(A) The DNA forms a solid
fossil in a good shape.
(B) The genetic information
in the DNA is high quality.
(C) The DNA had not
been smaller in chunks.
(D) The sequence of the
DNA pieces is systematic.
(E) The DNA sequences
can be easily reassembled.
34. Based on the text,
the following would be the kind of information that could be revealed about
ancient people through modern genome analysis, except…
(A) Typical illness.
(B) Thinking
potentials.
(C) Evolutionary
phases.
(D) Migratory
directions.
(E) Nutritional
patterns.
35. Based on the text,
soon Darwin’s human evolution theory will be most likely empirically validated,
if contemporary DNA analysis are supported by the following factors, except .…
(A) More discovery
of early human remains.
(B) Modern genomic
laboratories.
(C) Expertise
associated with ancient DNA.
(D) Better management
in fossil excavation.
(E) Availability of complete
ancient human genomes.
Text 2
John
Apollos is losing weight the old-fashioned way- by eating less. A whole lot
less. As a volunteer in the two year Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term
Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) study at Tufts University in Boston,
Apollos has lowered his daily calorie intake 25% over the past eight months. The
fat, not surprisingly, has melted away; the 52-years-old physical trainer has
lost more than 11 kg since the study began and down to his school weight.
Yet,
that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program
are eating only three quarters of what they used to. The researchers running
the multi center CALERIE study are trying to determine whether restricting food
intake can slow the aging process and extend our life span. “I feel better and
lighter and healthier,” says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer,
that would be pretty amazing,” The idea is counter intuitive: If we eat to live,
how can starving ourselves add years to our lives? Yet, decades of calories
restriction studies involving organism ranging from microscopic yeast to rats
have shown just that, extending the life spans of the semi starved as much as
50%. Last July a long-term study let by the researchers at the University of
Wisconsin nudged the implications of this a bit closer to our species, finding
that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of human like rhesus monkey
as well. The hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease
and cancer much less frequently than their well-fed counterparts did.
However,
there may be more than just the absence of disease operating here. Anytime
you go on diet, after all, you stand a good chance of lowering your blood
pressure, cholesterol level and risk of diabetes and other health woes. All
that can translate into extra years. With calorie restriction, usually defined
as a diet with 25% to 30% fewer calories than normal but still containing
essential nutrients, something else appears to be at work to extend longevity.
36. Which of the following
ideas from the text above contains an opinion?
(A) Restricting calorie
consumption for longevity.
(B) Absence of disease
due to controlling calorie intake.
(C) Apollo’s feeling
better and lighter and healthier.
(D) The melting of body
fat by having less foods.
(E) Apollo’s restricting
his daily calorie consumption.
37. The study aims at evaluating
the impact of calorie restriction on .…
(A) Minimizing the risks
of getting serious illness.
(B) Enhancing the feeling
of happiness and health.
(C) Reducing the amount
of extreme fat accumulation.
(D) Controlling blood
pressure and cholesterol levels.
(E) Aging-process slowing
and life span extension.
38. If the information
in the text is true, the risks that someone whose calorie consumption is
controlled up to the portion suggested in the study suffers from bone cancer
are .…
(A) Substantial
(B) Negligible
(C) Unpredictable
(D) Serious
(E) Indefinite
39. The following is
among other things the empirical impact of the study mentioned in the text,
except .…
(A) Slender body
shape
(B) Long life
expectancy
(C) Good healthiness
(D) Emotion
stability
(E) Good feelings
40. As mentioned in
the text, the study held at the multi center CALERIE, Tufts University in
Boston has employed a research method that seems to be .…
(A) Conventional
(B) Complicated
(C) Temporary
(D) Ultramodern
(E) Methodological
Text 3
Furtur
research, conducted by Dean Mobbs, then at Stanford University in California,
uncovered a second point of activity in brain’s limbic system associated with
dopamine release and reward processing-which may explain the pleasure felt once
you “get” a joke. Examining on particular part of the limbic system-the ventral
striatum-was especially revealing, as its level of activity corresponded with
the perceived funniness of a joke. “It’s the same region that is involved in
many different types of reward, from drugs, to sex and our favourite music,”
says Mobbs, now at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK.
“Humour thus taps into basic reward systems that are important of our
survival”.
Yet
humor a far more multifaceted process than primeval pleasure like food. In
addition the two core processes of getting the joke and feeling good about it,
jokes also active regions of the frontal and cingulated cortex, which are
linked with association information, learning and decision- making. The team
also found presenting humans and, in a less developed form, great apes. Indeed,
the fact that these regions are involved suggest that humour is an advanced
ability which may have only evolved in early human, says Watson, who conducted
the research.
No
two brains are the same, however, and how these differences are reflected in
our sense of humour is the subject of much research. Men and women, for
example, seem to process jokes slightly differently. Although both sexes laugh
at roughly the same number of jokes, women show greater activity in the left
prefrontal cortex than men. “This suggest a greater degree of executive
processing and language-based decoding,” says Mobbs. As result, women take
significantly much longers than men to decide whether they find something
funny, though that does not seem to spoil their enjoyment of the joke. Indeed,
women show greater response in the limbic system than men, suggesting they feel
a greater sense of reward.
41. Which of the
following statements in the text above contains an opinion?
(A) Basic rewards system
associated with humor are vital to human continued existence.
(B) The interior
cingulated cortex and the frontinsular cortex region belongs to humans.
(C) Woman’s limbic
system reacts more responsively that men’s does to a humor stimulus.
(D) Different types of
reward like drugs and our favorite music are linked to the ventral stratum.
(E) Joke funnies relates
with the amount of dopamines release a reward processing.
42. The part that comes
before the text would most likely describe .…
(A) Mobb’s same
study conducted on humans’ brain limbic system sensitiveness.
(B) Another activity
found in brain’s limbic system of Mobbs’ different system.
(C) A researcher’s study
other than Mobb’s on another activity found in the brain limbic system.
(D) The importance of
conducting a study on responses by humans’ brain limbic system.
(E) The timely reaction
of humans’ brain limbic system to perception on humor.
43. The scientists see
that the internal mechanism in a human’s brain related with enjoyment in having
a good meals are .…
(A) More explainable
than those in perceiving a joke.
(B) Less observable
than pleasures in getting a prize.
(C) As quick as
those in seeing funniness of a joke.
(D) More complex
than those in perceiving a joke.
(E) Less clear than those
of enjoyment in winning a prize.
44. Humor is worth in
these four facest, except .…
(A) Experiencing the
sense of the humor itself.
(B) Having good
feelings about the humor.
(C) Activating parts
of the frontal and cingulated cortex.
(D) Enhancing activities
in two humans’ cortex areas.
(E) Triggering more
dynamic responses in all cells.
45. Which chart below
most Kelly indicates the response time needed by women and men to laugh a joke?
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